Are there different types of scars?
Are there different types of scars?
There are many types of scars. They can be thick and raised (hypertrophic scars) or excessively large and lumpy (keloid scars). They may also be flat, discolored or depressed (sunken beneath the surface of your skin). The type, location and cause of your scar are important factors in determining the right scar revision treatment for you.
Who gets scar revision?
Anyone who has an unwanted scar may consider scar revision. Some common reasons for scarring include:
Acne.
Burns, either from accidents or radiation therapy.
Cesarean birth (C-section).
Cleft lip repair surgery.
Cosmetic or reconstructive surgery.
Piercings.
Skin infections.
Traumatic injuries.
PROCEDURE DETAILS
How can I prepare for scar revision?
Your healthcare provider will tell you how to prepare for scar revision. You may need to:
Eat a diet rich in minerals and vitamins, especially zinc and vitamins A, C and E, to help with wound healing.
Quit smoking, as tobacco use can prevent wound healing.
Stop taking anticoagulants (medication that prevents blood clots).
People with diabetes or those who are taking immunosuppressants may need to follow special instructions before scar revision. Additionally, if you’re taking isotretinoin or other medications for severe acne, you may need to delay treatment while you undergo scar revision. Your healthcare provider can give you additional information about this.
How are scars treated?
Your healthcare provider will evaluate a variety of factors to determine what type of scar revision is right for your needs. Most scars need 12 to 18 months to mature, as new scars don’t usually respond well to scar revision.
Scar revision techniques may include:
Topical treatments.
Injectables.
Skin resurfacing.
Surgery.
How do topical treatments reduce the appearance of scars?
Your provider will apply topical treatments to the surface of your skin, so they don’t require a needle or any type of incision (cut). Topicals tend to be more effective as a wound heals, or for mild, newly formed scars.
Types of topical treatments include:
Polyurethane dressing : A self-adhesive polyurethane bandage or pad can reduce a scar’s hardness and size. It may also help the scar return to a normal color. Some people use this dressing with pressure therapy for better results.
Pressure therapy : You use a bandage or wrap to apply pressure to a wound as it heals or to a newly formed scar on your body. Pressure therapy can help prevent scars and may reduce the appearance of raised scars.
Silicone gel : You can apply flexible sheets coated with silicone gel to your wound or scar. This treatment may relieve redness, itching and irritation caused by the scar. It can also help prevent raised scars.
Most people need to use topical treatments for 12 to 24 hours each day, sometimes, for several months.
Some healthcare providers may recommend vitamin E or A as a cream, gel or oil to treat scars. However, the research on the effectiveness of these treatments is inconclusive.
How do injectables reduce the appearance of scars?
Your healthcare provider may inject different types of medicine directly into your scar. Injectables are most effective for raised scars and keloids. They can reduce the size of a scar and minimize pain, itching and irritation. Most people need multiple injections.
Types of injections include:
5-FU or bleomycin injections : Healthcare providers use these drugs for certain cancer treatments because they stop cell growth. They may work on scars by preventing your skin from producing new tissue.
Corticosteroid injections : These steroid injections work by reducing the formation of collagen in your skin, which can minimize the size, appearance and texture of a scar.
Cryotherapy : A substance such as liquid nitrogen or argon gas freezes the scar tissue, eventually causing it to die. Cryotherapy is usually reserved for small scars.
Dermal fillers : Fillers can help reduce the appearance of scars that go beneath the surface of your skin. They’re most effective for acne scars and pockmarks (pitted scars that go beneath the surface of your skin). Examples of dermal fillers include Juvéderm®, Radiesse® and Restylane®.
How do resurfacing treatments reduce the appearance of scars?
Skin resurfacing treatments work by removing the top layers of your skin. They help reveal smoother, undamaged skin, which can improve the color and texture of scars.
Types of resurfacing treatments include:
Chemical peel : A healthcare provider applies a chemical solution (usually a type of acid) to your skin. Chemical peels are best for mild scars, usually on your face.
Dermabrasion : Dermabrasion removes layers of skin by sanding it away with a brush or rough pad. It’s for your face or body.
Dermaplaning : A healthcare provider uses a special razor to shave away the upper layers of your skin. Dermaplaning can help improve the appearance of acne scars.
Light or laser therapy : These treatments use light or heat to trigger skin cell turnover. Laser skin resurfacing can reduce irritation from scars and help scars return to a normal skin color.
Skin bleaching : Substances that lighten the skin may reduce the appearance of scars.
Microneedling : A healthcare provider uses a device to create microscopic punctures in your skin, which encourages remodeling and improves scar appearance.
How does surgery reduce the appearance of scars?
Sometimes, surgery is necessary for large, severe scars, especially if the scars are causing you pain or making it difficult to move. During surgery, a healthcare provider cuts the scar out of your skin and then closes the wound with stitches.
Common scar revision surgeries include Z-plasty and W-plasty. A surgeon cuts the scarred skin into a “Z” or “W” formation, which gives that area of skin more movement once it heals.
Some people need skin grafts if there isn’t enough healthy skin to close the wound. A surgeon might use skin from another area of your body. Grafting is a common treatment for serious burn scars.
Your healthcare provider might recommend injections or topical scar treatment to help a new surgical wound heal and reduce the risk of additional scarring.
RISKS / BENEFITS
What are the risks of scar revision?
Risks of scar revision depend on the type of treatment you receive. It’s important to follow post-care instructions from your provider for the best results. Topical treatments tend to carry the fewest risks, which include mild discomfort or skin irritation such as a rash (contact dermatitis).
Injections and resurfacing treatments can lead to redness, swelling, blistering and increased sensitivity to sunlight. They may also change the color of the scar, making it darker than the surrounding skin.
Scar revision surgery tends to carry the most risks, including infection and bleeding. There’s also a chance that the scar will return, or that the surgery will cause a new scar to form.
What are the benefits of scar revision?
Scar revision can reduce the appearance of scars and minimize discomfort associated with scars. Treatment can help improve a scar’s:
Color.
Size.
Stiffness.
Texture.
Thickness.
RECOVERY AND OUTLOOK
What can I expect after scar revision?
Recovery after scar revision depends on the type of treatment you receive. Topical treatments can take several months to produce results. Most people need multiple injections or resurfacing treatments to achieve their goal. Recovery after surgery may take weeks or months.
It’s important to keep in mind that scar revision isn’t likely to completely remove the scar. Discuss your goals for treatment with your healthcare provider to ensure you have realistic expectations about the results.
WHEN TO CALL THE DOCTOR
When should I see my healthcare provider?
Contact your healthcare provider if you notice your scar or the skin around it is:
Bleeding.
Blistered.
Infected.
Severely swollen.
